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Beach is an accumulation of sand, pebbles, or small rocks along a shoreline. These materials may be supplied by streams, worn away from sea cliffs, or washed up from shallow sea bottoms. Waves and currents give beaches a variety of shapes. For example, pocket beaches (Halfmoon Bay, California) have a curved shape and are usually bordered by hills. Spits and hooks (Sandy Hook, New Jersey) stretch out into the water in the shape of a finger or hook. Sedimentary capes (Cape Canaveral, Florida) also extend into the water but are broader than spits and hooks. A beach may also be a sandy stretch that connects islands with a mainland (Marblehead, Massachusetts). Waves along low coasts may build barrier beaches (Miami Beach, Florida). Barrier beaches run parallel to the coastline and are separated from the mainland by a sound or lagoon. Beaches are popular recreational spots. Well-known beach resort areas include the Riviera on the Mediterranean coasts of southern France and northern Italy, and the coasts of Florida, California, and Hawaii in the United States.
The Molucca Islands, which Indonesians call the Maluku Islands, lie in the northeastern section of Indonesia. Halmahera, the largest island of this group, covers 6,870 square miles (17,790 square kilometers). Halmahera, Ceram, and Buru are mountainous and thickly forested. The Aru and Tanimbar islands are flat and swampy. The Moluccas also include hundreds of ring-shaped coral reefs called atolls and other small coral islands that are uninhabited. Most of the Moluccan people live in coastal trading settlements. Ambon, an important port on an island of the same name, is the largest city in the Moluccas. The Moluccas were formerly called the Spice Islands, and they have long been famous for growing cloves, nutmeg, and mace. Through the centuries, the spice trade attracted people from many lands. These traders, including Arabs, Dutch, and Malays, intermarried with the Moluccans and greatly influenced their way of life. On some isolated islands, however, the people have kept many old customs. On the Tanimbar Islands, for example, people still make offerings to their ancestors.
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