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Langkah Preventif
Menghindari Penyakit Jantung Koroner

Gejalanya sering dianggap biasa, namun bila sudah terserang, nyawa menjadi taruhannya. Itulah yang menjadikan Penyakit Jantung Koroner berbahaya. Terlebih lagi dengan adanya anggapan bahwa ancaman penyakit karena kolesterol tinggi hanya berlaku buat mereka yang lanjut usia atau yang berat badannya berlebihan.

Faktanya, kini makin banyak orang yang berada dalam usia produktif (mulai usia 20-an) bisa mengalami gangguan pembuluh darah dan serangan jantung, akibat berlebihnya kadar kolesterol di dalam darah. Bahkan dari data yang dipublikasikan oleh organisasi kesehatan sedunia (WHO), saat ini 25% penduduk dunia memiliki kadar kolesterol tinggi. Mengapa hal ini bisa terjadi?



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Bertambahnya jumlah penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner ini tidak lepas dari pergeseran pola hidup, terutama pola makan masyarakat. Kalau masyarakat di negara maju sudah mulai menyadari pentingnya mengurangi kolesterol dan lemak dalam menu makanan mereka; di negara berkembang, pola makan tinggi lemak, kolesterol dan garam malah meningkat, seiring dengan banyaknya junkfood dan jajanan yang menggunakan minyak jenuh. Tentunya resiko akan bertambah jika ada faktor bawaan; di samping faktor lingkungan, seperti stress dan semakin banyaknya radikal bebas yang terbentuk akibat tingkat polusi yang tinggi, juga kurang gerak atau olah raga akibat tuntutan aktivitas yang padat.

Penelitian Lebih Lanjut Tentang Terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner
Penyakit Jantung Koroner merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratif, artinya, proses terjadinya penyakit ini berlangsung dalam jangka waktu yang lama, bahkan sampai belasan atau puluhan tahun. Tanpa kita sadari, semenjak kita masih anak-anak kita sudah mulai 'menumpuk' kolesterol pada pembuluh darah kita. Setelah bertahun-tahun, tentunya timbunan lemak dan kolesterol pada dinding pembuluh darah perlahan-lahan menjadikan pembuluh darah menyempit dan tidak elastis lagi. Akibatnya, saat terbentuk gumpalan darah (clot), aliran darah akan terhambat, dan pembuluh darah pecah/tersumbat. Bila hal ini terjadi di pembuluh darah ke otak, itulah yang kita kenal dengan Stroke; sementara bila terjadi di pembuluh darah ke jantung, inilah yang kita kenal dengan serangan jantung.

Jadi, siapa yang tahu kondisi pembuluh darah kita saat ini dengan pola hidup yang kita jalani sekarang? Dan, kalau timbunan kolesterol sudah jelas merupakan pencetus terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner, bagaimana zat yang berbahaya ini bisa tertumpuk di pembuluh darah kita? Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolesterol dan lemak bisa menempel dan menumpuk di dinding pembuluh darah jika dinding bagian dalam pembuluh darah (endothelium) sudah rusak dan tidak rata lagi akibat paparan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas ini tentu saja tidak hanya merusak dinding pembuluh darah kita, melainkan organ tubuh kita yang lain pun ikut terkena dampaknya.

Pencegahan Harus Dilakukan Sedini Mungkin

  1. Berolah raga teratur, untuk membantu pembakaran lemak dan menjaga agar peredaran darah tetap lancar.
  2. Mengurangi konsumsi makanan berlemak/ berkolesterol tinggi dan meningkatkan konsumsi makanan tinggi serat, seperti sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan.
  3. Menjaga berat badan ideal.
  4. Cukup istirahat dan kurangi stress, sehingga jumlah radikal bebas yang terbentuk dalam tubuh tidak terlalu banyak.
  5. Hindari rokok, kopi, dan minuman beralkohol.
  6. Melakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium secara berkala untuk memantau kadar kolesterol dalam darah.
  7. Menjaga lingkungan tetap bersih.
Sumber : http://aepsar.890m.com

 

 

 

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makanan cholesterol makanan kolesterol

Americans have excessively high blood cholesterol levels. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III, 2001) states that a sound diet, weight loss and physical activity are the cornerstones of therapy for many individuals with cholesterol disorders. (Cholesterol-lowering drug therapy is reserved for those who have the very highest lipid levels or for those who have diabetes or coronary disease.) Atherosclerosis is a costly and fatal disease. Although there is no known cure, new evidence suggests that intensive lowering of serum total cholesterol, or more specifically, LDL cholesterol may retard the progression of coronary artery disease. The box, right, contains the NCEP cholesterol guidelines authored in 2001 by a panel of physicians and lipid experts. Reducing cholesterol through exercise, particularly LDL cholesterol, can be quite labor intensive. When individuals accumulate a sufficient weekly volume of exercise they can lower both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increase HDL-cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol). Exercise itself does not “burn off” cholesterol like it can with fat tissue. However, when exercise is of sufficient volume, for example, an adequate weekly frequency and duration, it can significantly reduce triglycerides and stimulate several metabolic enzyme systems in the muscles and liver to convert some of the cholesterol to a more favorable form, such as HDL-cholesterol. Reducing triglycerides decreases triglyceride-rich particles that are known to promote the growth of fatty deposits on artery walls. For many people with cholesterol disorders the first choice of therapy is dietary modification. In general, reducing high-glycemic carbohydrates reduces triglycerides, and reducing saturated and trans-fat foods decreases LDL-cholesterol. If LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol) is high enough, dietary therapy is often supplemented with cholesterol-lowering drug therapy. Exercise is of tremendous benefit when used in combination with either of these two forms of therapy. For those who maintain a frequent and sufficient level of exercise, it is possible that their physician will reduce their cholesterol-lowering medication and in some cases stop it altogether. Here are guidelines that outline a systematic approach for favorably altering cholesterol levels with regular exercise: • If you have a less-than-desirable cholesterol level, or your doctor has indicated you have a cholesterol disorder, have your physician establish your cardiovascular health status before engaging in a vigorous exercise program. Your physician may elect to perform additional blood tests (e.g., C-reactive protein) and/or a graded exercise test with an ECG (treadmill stress test) on you first. • Choose dynamic forms of exercise that tend to last at least 20 to 30 minutes and are performed at moderate intensities. Moderate exercise intensities would be an approximate effort of four to seven, on a scale of one to ten with ten being near maximal exercise. • In general, for exercise to significantly lower cholesterol levels, a relatively high volume of exercise is recommended (e.g. 1,500 kcal or more per week). In 12 to 16 weeks this volume of exercise can reduce total cholesterol by 10 to 20 percent. Fifteen hundred calories expended during exercise is equivalent to three to four hours per week for the average unfit person performing moderate-intensity walking, swimming, walk-jogging or cycling. This volume of weekly exercise is approximately the same volume of physical activity required to lose weight. As a result, fat weight loss tends to be associated with increases in HDL-cholesterol and reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, especially fat lost around the waist and abdomen. A sample program would be to start with walking 20 minutes per day, four days a week. Over six to eight weeks, graduate this program to one hour, six to seven days a week of walking over hilly (variable) terrain or walk-jogging over relatively flat ground. An alternative would be to walk 50 to 60 minutes three days a week and take an aerobics class three days a week and perhaps two to three sets of singles tennis on the seventh day. It is important to know that lower volumes of weekly exercise can still produce many other benefits, such as improved fitness and overall health, reduced blood pressure and increased psychological well-being. An ACE-certified Clinical Exercise Specialist can help you make the connection safely and effectively. A heart attack is a life-threatening event. Everyone should know the warning signs of a heart attack and how to get emergency help. Many people suffer permanent damage to their hearts or die because they do not get help immediately. Each year, more than a million persons in the United States have a heart attack, and about half (515,000) of them die. About one-half of those who die do so within 1 hour of the start of symptoms and before reaching the hospital. Both men and women have heart attacks. Emergency personnel can often stop arrhythmias with emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation (electrical shock), and prompt advanced cardiac life support procedures. If care is sought soon enough, blood flow in the blocked artery can be restored in time to prevent permanent damage to the heart. Most people, however, do not seek medical care for 2 hours or more after symptoms begin. Many people wait 12 hours or longer. Symptoms and Diagnosis The warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack can include: Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain. Heart attack pain can sometimes feel like indigestion or heartburn. Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Pain, discomfort, or numbness can occur in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of breath. Difficulty in breathing often comes along with chest discomfort, but it may occur before chest discomfort. Other symptoms. Examples include breaking out in a cold sweat, having nausea and vomiting, or feeling light-headed or dizzy. Signs and symptoms vary from person to person. In fact, if you have a second heart attack, your symptoms may not be the same as for the first heart attack. Some people have no symptoms. This is called a "silent" heart attack. The symptoms of angina (chest pain) can be similar to the symptoms of a heart attack. If you have angina and notice a change or a worsening of your symptoms, talk with your doctor right away. Diagnosis of a heart attack may include the following tests: EKG (electrocardiogram). This test is used to measure the rate and regularity of your heartbeat. A 12-lead EKG is used in diagnosing a heart attack. Blood tests. When cells in the heart die, they release enzymes into the blood. These enzymes are called markers or biomarkers. Measuring the amount of these markers in the blood can show how much damage was done to your heart. These tests are often repeated at intervals to check for changes. The specific blood tests are: Troponin test. This test checks the troponin levels in the blood. This blood test is considered the most accurate to see if a heart attack has occurred and how much damage it did to the heart. CK or CK-MB test. These tests check for the amount of the different forms of creatine kinase in the blood. Myoglobin test. This test checks for the presence of myoglobin in the blood. Myoglobin is released when the heart or other muscle is injured. Nuclear heart scan. This test uses radioactive tracers (technetium or thallium) to outline heart chambers and major blood vessels leading to and from the heart. A nuclear heart scan shows any damage to your heart muscle. Cardiac catheterization. A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is passed through an artery in the groin (upper thigh) or arm to reach the coronary arteries. Your doctor can use the catheter to determine pressure and blood flow in the heart's chambers, collect blood samples from the heart, and examine the arteries of the heart by x ray. Coronary angiography. This test is usually performed along with cardiac catheterization. A dye that can be seen by using x ray is injected through the catheter into the coronary arteries. Your doctor can see the flow of blood through the heart and see where there are blockages. Causes Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that bring blood and oxygen to the heart muscle). When blood cannot reach part of your heart, that area starves for oxygen. If the blockage continues long enough, cells in the affected area die. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common underlying cause of a heart attack. CAD is the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries by the buildup of plaque in the inside walls (atherosclerosis). Over time, plaque buildup in the coronary arteries can: Narrow the arteries so that less blood flows to the heart muscle Block completely the arteries and the flow of blood Cause blood clots to form and block the arteries A less common cause of heart attacks is a severe spasm (tightening) of the coronary artery that cuts off blood flow to the heart. These spasms can occur in persons with or without CAD. Artery spasm can sometimes be caused by: Taking certain drugs, such as cocaine Emotional stress Exposure to cold Cigarette smoking

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